JIFUNZE KIINGEREZA SOMO LA 4: SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Katika somo  la pili (BOFYA HAPA KAMA HAUKULISOMA) tuliona kuwa ili kuelewa tenses yoyote ni muhimu kujua 1. Matumizi ya tense husika 2. Kanuni zinazohusu mabadiliko ya vitendo na 3. Kujua namna mionekano ya sentensi inavyokuwa katika tense husika. (Mionekano ya sentensi nilieleza katika somo la kwanza. BOFYA hapa kama hukusoma somo la kwanza.)

1. Kanuni za muundo wa sentensi katika Simple Present Tense

A: Hakikisha vitendo vinaongezwa es au s kwa viwakilishi hivi SHE, HE , IT.

Mfano:

She likes mangoes .  (Hupendelea maembe.)

He goes to school everyday. (Huenda shule kila siku.)

B: Usiongeze es wala s kwa viwakilishi hivi I, WE, YOU , THEY.

I like mangoes. Mimi hupendelea maembe.

We go to school everyday. Sisi huenda shule kila siku.

C: Kama hautumii viwakilishi katika sentensi yako basi hakikisha unakumbuka kuwa kama mtendaji ni mmoja , ongeza es au s kwa vitendo mfano John plays football.

D: Ila kama watendaji ni wengi basi hakikisha hauongezi es wala s katika vitendo hivyo mfano John and Issa play football.

2. Matumizi ya Simple Present Tense

A. Kuelezea mambo ambayo siku zote ni kweli

Mfano: 

Maji huganda katika nyuzi 0. - Water freezes at 0’C.

Sote tunahitaji upendo. -  We all need love.

Ukimwi unaua. -     AIDS kills.

B: Kuelezea Matendo ambayo sio lazima yawe kweli siku zote, ila yanaonyesha hali ambayo itakuwa hivyo kwa muda mrefu.

Ninaishi Tanzania ( I live in Tanzania).

Unafanya kazi serikalini. (You for the government)

Kuelezea Matendo ambayo ni tabia za watu

Mfano Yeye huamka mapema (  He works up early)

Huwa tunacheza mpira wa miguu kila jioni ( We play soccer every evening)

.

C: Present simple tense hutumiwa katika vitabu na magazeti kuelezea matukio sio lazima yawe ni matendo ya kila siku.

Mfano waweza soma: 

Raisi afariki ( The president dies)

The government closes the road. (Serikali yafunga barabara)

World Cup starts  (Kombe la dunia laanza)

Hata hivyo wapo wenye kufanya makosa na hata katika blogs zao utaona kwa mfano imeandikwa The famous actor died today.

D: Kuelezea matukio yajayo ambayo tayari  imekwisha amriwa au kupangwa kuwa hivyo.

Mfano:  Tutafungua shule mwezi machi.  (Our school opens in march.)

 Ndege kuondoka saa tatu asubuhi . ( The plane leaves at 9am)

E: Hutumika pamoja na future tense (wakati ujao) kuelezea matukio huandikwa kabla baada ya neno WHEN, UNTIL, AFTER, BEFORE, na AS SOON AS.

Mfano:  Nitakuja wakati mama yangu atakaposema sawa.  ( I will come when my mother says it is ok.)

Mara tuu atakapofika, tutafungua sherehe.  ( As soon as she arrives, we will open the party.)

F: Kuna vitendo katika Present Continuous havitumii ING hivyo inabidi sentensi yako ya Present continuous iwe katika Simple Present. Tulijifunza hili katika somo lililopita. Kama hukusoma tafadhali BOFYAhapa usome.

Mfano: Kwa present continuous tense hauwezi kusema:

I am hearing a lot of noise. ( Ninasikia makele )

She is  trusting you now.  ( Yeye anakuamini)

He is understanding you now. ( Yeye anakuelewa sasa)

I am promising to pay you. ( Naahidi kukulipa)

Badala yake sentensi hizo zinatakiwa kuwa katika simple present tense hivyo twaweza kuwa na:-

I hear  a lot of noise

She trusts you

He understands you

I promise to pay you.